全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1463篇 |
免费 | 205篇 |
国内免费 | 306篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 49篇 |
大气科学 | 22篇 |
地球物理 | 250篇 |
地质学 | 285篇 |
海洋学 | 881篇 |
天文学 | 11篇 |
综合类 | 154篇 |
自然地理 | 322篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 32篇 |
2022年 | 44篇 |
2021年 | 51篇 |
2020年 | 68篇 |
2019年 | 45篇 |
2018年 | 70篇 |
2017年 | 85篇 |
2016年 | 93篇 |
2015年 | 68篇 |
2014年 | 96篇 |
2013年 | 134篇 |
2012年 | 77篇 |
2011年 | 105篇 |
2010年 | 91篇 |
2009年 | 93篇 |
2008年 | 92篇 |
2007年 | 87篇 |
2006年 | 76篇 |
2005年 | 81篇 |
2004年 | 76篇 |
2003年 | 49篇 |
2002年 | 46篇 |
2001年 | 32篇 |
2000年 | 48篇 |
1999年 | 31篇 |
1998年 | 30篇 |
1997年 | 27篇 |
1996年 | 23篇 |
1995年 | 23篇 |
1994年 | 19篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 23篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1974条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
62.
63.
In drylands, environmental conditions under shrub canopy differ from those found in open sites. We should expect that microclimate conditions under shrubs with distinct canopy architecture should also be different. Plant Area Index (PAI) of the three most abundant shrubs species (Porlieria chilensis, Adesmia bedwellii and Proustia cuneifolia) in Bosque Fray Jorge National Park, north-central Chile was measured using a Plant Canopy Analyzer. During two years (2004-2005), we recorded the Relative Humidity and Air Temperature underneath and away from the canopy of the shrubs.The three shrub species showed significant differences in PAI. Microclimate at 30 cm and 2 m above the soil in the open conditions were drier and warmer than underneath shrub canopies. Vegetation patches generate moderate microclimate conditions.Canopy structure can buffer climatic variability, contributing to high herbaceous productivity as well as shrub recruitment. Reflecting shrub architecture and observed PAI values, the lowest microclimate variations were observed under the canopies of P. chilensis, followed by P. cuneifolia and finally A. bedwellii. We bring a novel approach quantifying the Plant Area Index instead of the Plant cover and using a low cost method that integrates the distribution of leaves and may be derived from remote sensing products. 相似文献
64.
基于幂函数法则对放牧梯度上种群空间异质性的定量分析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
在呼伦贝尔草原的克氏针茅群落选择轻牧、中牧、重牧3个不同的放牧梯度,沿着50 m样线设置100个50 cm×50 cm的L型样方,每个L型样方内划分4个25 cm×25 cm的S型样方,以物种出现的频度(p)作为植被空间分布的观测指标,采用幂函数法则对放牧梯度上草原植物群落物种的空间异质性进行了定量研究。结果表明,在不同放牧强度下,种类结构发生明显改变,轻度放牧区羊草和星状刺骨藜、中度放牧区藜和糙隐子草、重度放牧区猪毛菜和多根葱具有高的出现频度,群落物种数随着放牧压力的增大而减小。整体来看,放牧梯度上物种的空间分布呈现明显的聚集分布,物种空间异质性(δi)随着放牧强度的增大而增加,拟合于幂函数规律曲线;群落的空间异质性(δc)随着轻牧-中牧-重牧放牧演替的进展呈现降低趋势,种群个体分布呈现片断化特征。在群落内部各个种群具有不同的异质化分布特点,物种结构主要表现出密集型种群和疏散型种群两大类型。这些趋势与种群的繁殖策略、生活史对策、群落的再生产策略等生理与生态特性密切相关。 相似文献
65.
塔里木河下游物种多样性与地下水位灰色关联分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
根据植被样地资料和地下水埋深观测资料, 运用灰色关联法对物种多样性与地下水埋深的关系进行了分析. 结果表明: 在塔里木河下游, 物种多样性与地下水埋深变化关系密切, Shannon-Weiner指数、 Simpson指数、 Margalef指数、 Menhinick指数、 JSW指数和JSI指数与地下水埋深之间的灰色综合关联度都在0.70以上, 其中物种多样性指数Simpson指数与地下水埋深变化的灰色综合关联度最高, 为0.866, 其关联度数值体现了地下水埋深对物种多样性变化的主导性. 相似文献
66.
Jennifer Vandenhecke Matthieu Waeles Jean-Yves Cabon Cédric Garnier Ricardo D. Riso 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010
Over this one-year study, the variations of inorganic As species were examined monthly along the salinity gradient of the Penzé estuary (NW France) in relation with different biogeochemical parameters. In most cases, dissolved As exhibited a non-conservative behaviour which resulted from the competition between two major processes. In the upstream section of the estuary, a strong input of both total inorganic As and As(III) occurred. Then, the removal of the same species, under precipitation of iron oxides/oxyhydroxides, was observed in the low-salinity range (S < 10). Using our experimental data, the fluxes of the various As species were estimated for the first time in estuarine waters. Inputs from the river were mainly constituted of particulate As (∼70%). Conversely, dissolved species were predominant in the net fluxes (∼65%) and As(III) accounted for ∼15% of the dissolved net flux. 相似文献
67.
68.
T. Y. Lee J. C. Huang L. Y. Liao C. S. Tzeng C. H. Yang P. K. Kalita C. P. Tung 《水文研究》2012,26(24):3635-3644
Reducing or stabilizing the stream temperature of ChiChiaWan Creek is a crucial work for Formosan Landlocked Salmon because ChiChiaWan Creek is the only one habitat for this endangered species. Planting trees in the riparian zone would be one of the alternatives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of several planting strategies on daily maximum stream temperature along the river. The results showed the effective vegetative shading angles should be more than 50° along ChiChiaWan Creek to reduce the direct solar radiation heating effectively. Upstream planting with 70° vegetative shading angle could be the most effective way among all the scenarios. However, this planting strategy could not improve the worst situations in summer because of the large solar elevation angles. The upstream planting in ChiChiaWan Creek was strongly recommended because the canopies could be easier to extend to totally cover the narrow width of river producing the most effective shades. Practicing the upstream planting with 90° vegetative shading angle can increase more than 1 km long suitable habitats for the endangered Salmon in summer. Alternatively, the west‐side planting scenario was the second effective way for temperature reduction. Our result provided a useful suggestion for the authorities in charge of saving the Formosan Landlocked Salmon, particularly under the stress of global warming. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
69.
Seasonal variations of phytoplankton diversity in the Coleroon coastal waters, southeast coast of India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The results of an investigation carried out during June 2005 to May 2007 on physico-chemical parameters,species composition and community structure of phytoplankton including Chlorophyll a(Chl-a) at the Coleroon coastal waters(Southeast coast of India) are reported.Air and surface water temperatures(°C) varied from 25.1 to 30.1 and from 24.5 to 28.5 respectively.Salinity values varied from 6 to 28.5 and the pH ranged between 7.0 and 8.3.Variation in dissolved oxygen content was from 3.1 to 7.5 mg/dm-3 while the light extinction coefficient values(LEC) ranged between 3.1 and 10.1 cm.The ranges of inorganic nutrients(μmol/dm-3) viz.,nitrate,nitrite,phosphate and silicate were 10.1-23.4,1.2-8.9,0.2-3.1 and 55-125,respectively.The ranges of Chlorophyll a(μg/dm-3) values was 2.0-7.5.Presently,124 phytoplankton species representing different classes viz:Bacillariophyceae(77),Dinophyceae(19),Cyanophyceae(15),Chlorophyceae(10) and Chrysophyceae(3) were recorded.The phytoplankton cell abundance varied from 0.290 to 111.662 cells/cm-3,with peak diversity(3.38 bits/ind.) during summer season.The maximum abundance was found during summer season coinciding with the stable hydrographical conditions.The seasonal distribution and abundance of phytoplankton are discussed in relation to hydrographical parameters.Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) was applied in this paper for discriminating environmental factors having effect on phytoplankton community at species level.Coleroon coastal water is subjected to long term fluctuations in physico-chemical parameters depending upon the seasonal tidal amplitude and freshwater influx resulting in a continuous exchange of organic,inorganic,plant and animal matters. 相似文献
70.
As in many other areas, the perennial cord grass Spartina anglica C.E. Hubbard has been extremely successful at colonising the English and Irish south coasts, but it is dying back for reasons that are not completely understood. The present study considers the relationship between die-back and metal concentrations in estuarine sediment. No obvious impact of the metal contamination on the S. anglica growth/die-back could be detected in the study zone, Poole Harbour, although the die-back did seem to have substantially influenced the metal concentrations in the sediments of the estuary. Based on core profiles, the remaining patches of S. anglica still retain elevated concentrations and the overall cadmium concentrations in the sediments have risen since 1925. However, considerable quantities of the cadmium stored in the sediment by S. anglica appear to have been washed out rapidly in the die-back zones. Should serious erosion of the saltmarsh occur, triggered for example by sea-level rise, then sudden and high levels of cadmium release may cause harmful effects to marine biota. 相似文献